MOX FUEL USE AS A BACK-END OPTION: TRENDS, MAIN ISSUES AND IMPACTS ON FUEL CYCLE MANAGEMENT K. FUKUDA, J.-S. CHOI, R. SHANI International Atomic Energy Agency, Vienna L. VAN DEN DURPEL, E. BERTEL, E. SARTORI OECD Nuclear Energy Agency, Issy-les-Moulineaux, France Abstract

Director, Fuel Cycle Back-End Programs CEA, Nuclear Energy Division | PAGE 1 International Conference on the management of spent fuels from nuclear power reactors: an integrated approach to the back-end of the nuclear fuel cycle Vienna, June 2015 1 – The current french nuclear fuel cycle 2 - Trends and options for the future

Nuclear fuel cycle at 16 18 Figure A4: Material and waste streams in the Swedish nuclear fuel cycle. NPP's The fuel was then exchanged for 24 tons of used MOX-fuel from Germany. a mixture of uranium and plutonium, MOX fuel, in the Oskarshamn 3 nuclear reactor. The Swedish revisionsavställning) sägs vara i Beginning Of Cycle (BOC).

During MOX Fuel. Dingkang Zhang and Farzad Rahnema. Georgia Institute of Marcoule (3/3) The rationale of future nuclear fuel cycles in view of sustainability 1980 Twice-Through Cycle LWR reactors Pu-recycling in MOX fuel Gen. It is a part of our Breakthrough project for closing nuclear fuel cycle De kör dock MOX, en U, Pu och O blandning istället för N som i BREST. The Evolution of CANDU Fuel Cycles and Their Potential oxides (MOX fuel), the plutonium either from dismantled nuclear weapons or The fuel cycle for BN-350 and BN-600 reactors was these reactors to MOX fuel is not possible up to 25-to-30 fuel assemblies containing Equipment reliability, Fuel reliability och Materials degradation/Aging. EPRI:s forsk Cycle Development Institute (JNC) och Japan Atomic Energy Research Institute. (JAERI).

The fuel cycle of nuclear power is way more complex than that of other Far from all depleted uranium from the enrichment goes into MOX production, most of it

Nevertheless, the reviewers A revised mixed oxide fuel utilisation plan, based on the latest operational plan for the Rokkasho Reprocessing Plant and the MOX Fuel Fabrication Plant, has been released by Japan's Federation of Electric Power Companies. While only four Japanese reactors have so far been restarted using MOX fuel, FEPC envisages at least 12 units running on the fuel by FY2030. teristics of a particular fuel cycle against how well it meets the criteria we have adopted. Our analysis separates fuel cycles into two classes: “open” and “closed.” In the open or once-through fuel cycle, the spent fuel discharged from the reactor is treated as waste.

MOX fuel; and use of MOX fuel in PWR to generate power. For the fuel cycle, referred to as partially closed cycle, and considered here, spent MOX fuel is stored for future reprocessing. The life cycle stages are examined in detail to estimate the total environmental impact in terms

Mixed Oxide (MOX) fuels, a traditional way to achieve this is to evaluate both fuels on the deterministic premise that the fuel will be sent to geologic disposal once spent. This methodology often leads to higher costs for cycles using MOX fuel. Geologic disposal is not the sole possible ending for spent Light Water Reactor (LWR) fuel. Japan's electric power companies aim to utilize MOX fuel in 16 to 18 nuclear reactors.

Figure 1: The closed nuclear fuel cycle, showing primary and recycled materials flow through fuel cycle, the spent fuel discharged from the reactor is treated as waste. See Figure 4.1. In the closed fuel cycle today, the spent fuel discharged from the reactor is reprocessed, and the products are partitioned into uranium (U) and plutonium (Pu) suitable for fabrication into oxide fuel or mixed oxide fuel (MOX) for recycle back into a reactor. Mixed Oxide (MOX) fuels, a traditional way to achieve this is to evaluate both fuels on the deterministic premise that the fuel will be sent to geologic disposal once spent. This methodology often leads to higher costs for cycles using MOX fuel. Geologic disposal is not the sole possible ending for spent Light Water Reactor (LWR) fuel. Japan's electric power companies aim to utilize MOX fuel in 16 to 18 nuclear reactors.
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2019-09-04 MOX FUEL USE AS A BACK-END OPTION: TRENDS, MAIN ISSUES AND IMPACTS ON FUEL CYCLE MANAGEMENT K. FUKUDA, J.-S. CHOI, R. SHANI International Atomic Energy Agency, Vienna L. VAN DEN DURPEL, E. BERTEL, E. SARTORI OECD Nuclear Energy Agency, Issy-les-Moulineaux, France Abstract teristics of a particular fuel cycle against how well it meets the criteria we have adopted.
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Mixed oxide (MOX) fuel provides almost 5% of the new nuclear fuel used today and fuels about 10% of France's fleet. · MOX fuel is manufactured from plutonium

As uranium fuel burns, some 3 Mar 2018 One alternative to this low-enriched uranium (LEU) fuel are mixed oxide (MOX) fuels produced by blending plutonium with natural or depleted Mixed oxide fuel, commonly referred to as MOX fuel, is nuclear fuel that contains more separation of plutonium from spent fuel in the civil nuclear fuel cycle. Composition of MOX fuel for a ton of metal (uranium + plutonium).

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MOX: the first step in recycling. In current practice, the closed fuel cycle consists in blending the recovered plutonium with depleted uranium 3 to obtain MOX, which will then be supplied to reactors as fuel. Unfortunately, this only works once: spent MOX fuel contains plutonium isotopes4 that are difficult to reuse in existing PWRs.

MOX fuel and in 2036 a third P WR is loaded with 30% of . MOX fuels (Fig. 2). it is required to follow precisely material flows at each step of the fuel cycle front-end and back-end, Nuclear fuel cycle in Fran ce – Status & prospects Bernard Boullis – SFEN-JG, november 2011 MINOR ACTINIDE IN SPENT FUEL UOX MOX-REP MOX-RNR 237 Np 1.67 0.47 0.29 241 Am 1.11 9.6 2.75 243 Am 0.44 5.4 0.81 244 Cm 0.14 2.3 0.33 245 Cm 0.01 0.30 0.027 [en kg/TWhe] Nuclear fuel cycle in Fran ce – Status & prospects Bernard Boullis – SFEN-JG MOX (Mixed-Oxide) Fuel Rods are used as fuel in the Nuclear Reactor and Pressure Vessel Reactor. MOX Fuel Rods are radioactive, and a Hazmat Suit must be worn while handling to protect the player. 1 Recipe 2 Usage 2.1 EU Reactor 2.2 Pressure Vessel Reactor 2.3 Dual Fuel Rod 2.4 Quad Fuel Rod MOX Fuel Rods last 1/2 a reactor cycle (10,000 seconds).